<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2d1 20170631//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd"> <ArticleSet> <Article> <Journal> <PublisherName>isfcppharmaspire</PublisherName> <JournalTitle>Pharmaspire</JournalTitle> <PISSN>C</PISSN> <EISSN>o</EISSN> <Volume-Issue>Volume 11, Issue 2</Volume-Issue> <PartNumber/> <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic> <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage> <Season>April - June, 2019</Season> <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue> <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue> <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA> <PubDate> <Year>-0001</Year> <Month>11</Month> <Day>30</Day> </PubDate> <ArticleType>Pharmaceutics</ArticleType> <ArticleTitle>Potential non-biological therapeutic options for coronavirus disease-2019: Recent updates</ArticleTitle> <SubTitle/> <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage> <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA> <FirstPage>43</FirstPage> <LastPage>45</LastPage> <AuthorList> <Author> <FirstName>Sandeep</FirstName> <LastName>Kaur</LastName> <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage> <Affiliation/> <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor> <ORCID/> <FirstName>Ghanshyam Das</FirstName> <LastName>Gupta</LastName> <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage> <Affiliation/> <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor> <ORCID/> <FirstName>Vineet Kumar</FirstName> <LastName>Rai</LastName> <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage> <Affiliation/> <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor> <ORCID/> </Author> </AuthorList> <DOI/> <Abstract>Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been spread across the world and reached to the pandemic level. It has proved as a serious threat to the humanity, therefore, understanding of the ongoing situation and the development of stringent strategies to cure the same is of prime concern. As the potential vaccines development is in continuation, various non-biological therapeutic agents which are being investigated against COVID-19 as a current strategy for symptomatic treatment should be uncovered. To date, various drugs that are approved by the USFDA for their therapeutic effects against rheumatoid arthritis, malaria, influenza A and B and AIDS viruses, pancreatitis, chronic hepatitis C, Middle East respiratory syndrome, inflammation, and immunosuppression are deliberately being used to treat COVID-19 infection. These drugs have shown promising results against this deadly virus. In addition to remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine, oral chlorine dioxide, fluvoxamine, methylprednisolone, losartan, dapagliflozin, and many more have been enrolled for clinical trial and currently recruiting the patients for the studies. This report highlights the potential non-biological therapeutic options used for the treatment of COVID-19, which is expected to help formulation and development scientists to come up with the new technologies of these molecules for better effect against this infectious disease.</Abstract> <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage> <Keywords>Coronavirus disease-2019, therapeutic options, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, non-biological therapeutic agents</Keywords> <URLs> <Abstract>https://isfcppharmaspire.com/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=13867&title=Potential non-biological therapeutic options for coronavirus disease-2019: Recent updates</Abstract> </URLs> <References> <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle> <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage> <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage> <References>1. Lin L, Lu L, Cao W, Li T. Hypothesis for potential pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection-a review of immune changes in patients with viral pneumonia. Emerg Microb Infect 2020;9:727-32. 2. Jin Y, Yang H, Ji W, Wu W, Chen S. Virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of COVID-19. Viruses 2020;12:372. 3. Guo YR, Cao QD, Hong ZS, Tan YY, Chen SD, Jin HJ, et al. The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak an update on the status. Mil Med Res 2020;7:11. 4. Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, Meng L, Lu S. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Anal 2020;10:102-8. 5. Cao X. COVID-19: Immunopathology and its implications for therapy. Nat Rev Immunol 2020;20:269-70. 6. Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun 2020;109:102433. 7. Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020;55:105924. 8. Velavan TP, Meyer CG. The COVID-19 epidemic. Trop Med Intern Health 2020;25:278-80. 9. Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O’Neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, et al. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Surg 2020;76:71-6. 10. Singh AK, Singh A, Shaikh A, Singh R, Misra A. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020;14:241-6. 11. Touret F, de Lamballerie X. Of chloroquine and COVID-19. Antiviral Res 2020;177:104762. 12. Wang XW, Li JS, Jin M, Zhen B, Kong QX, Song N, et al. Study on the resistance of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus. J Virol Methods 2005;126:171-7. 13. Agrawal S, Goel AD, Gupta N. Emerging prophylaxis strategies against COVID-19. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2020;90:1289. 14. Rosa SG, Santos WC. Clinical trials on drug repositioning for COVID-19 treatment. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2020;44:e40. 15. Ray AS, Fordyce MW, Hitchcock MJ. Tenofovir alafenamide: A novel prodrug of tenofovir for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus. Antiviral Res 2016;125:63-70. 16. Zhang C, Wu Z, Li JW, Zhao H, Wang GQ. The cytokine release syndrome (CRS) of severe COVID-19 and Interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist tocilizumab may be the key to reduce the mortality. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020;2020:105954. 17. Khalili JS, Zhu H, Mak NS, Yan Y, Zhu Y. Novel coronavirus treatment with ribavirin: Groundwork for an evaluation concerning COVID-19. J Med Virol 2020;92:740-6. 18. Du YX, Chen XP. Favipiravir: Pharmacokinetics and concerns about clinical trials for 2019-nCoV infection. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020;2020:1844. 19. Rossignol JF. Nitazoxanide, a new drug candidate for the treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Infect Public Health 2016;9:227-30. 20. Zhang L, Liu Y. Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review. J Med Virol 2020;92:479-90.</References> </References> </Journal> </Article> </ArticleSet>