<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2d1 20170631//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd"> <ArticleSet> <Article> <Journal> <PublisherName>isfcppharmaspire</PublisherName> <JournalTitle>Pharmaspire</JournalTitle> <PISSN>C</PISSN> <EISSN>o</EISSN> <Volume-Issue>Volume 13, Issue 4 </Volume-Issue> <PartNumber/> <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic> <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage> <Season>October - December, 2021</Season> <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue> <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue> <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA> <PubDate> <Year>2022</Year> <Month>06</Month> <Day>2</Day> </PubDate> <ArticleType>Pharmaceutics</ArticleType> <ArticleTitle>Pharmacological development of the animal model of streptozotocin-induced memory dysfunction in adult Zebrafish</ArticleTitle> <SubTitle/> <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage> <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA> <FirstPage>194</FirstPage> <LastPage>201</LastPage> <AuthorList> <Author> <FirstName>Bharti</FirstName> <LastName>Verma</LastName> <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage> <Affiliation/> <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor> <ORCID/> <FirstName>Meena</FirstName> <LastName>Yadav</LastName> <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage> <Affiliation/> <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor> <ORCID/> <FirstName>Charan</FirstName> <LastName>Singh</LastName> <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage> <Affiliation/> <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor> <ORCID/> <FirstName>Arti</FirstName> <LastName>Singh</LastName> <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage> <Affiliation/> <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor> <ORCID/> </Author> </AuthorList> <DOI/> <Abstract>Hyperglycemia affects the central nervous system and its functions including learning and memory. Streptozotocin (STZ) in hyperglycemic condition leads to the production of reactive oxygen species and reduce the level of nitric oxide, and crucial factor for vascular endothelial dysfunction which causes memory impairment. Adult zebrafish (approximately 3 months old, 470–530 mg) were subjected to the STZ administration (50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 mg/kg). The animals were divided into two groups – control and test group. STZ administration causes significant changes in blood glucose level, behavioral and biochemical parameters at the dose of STZ 300 mg/kg. With an increasing dose of STZ there was significant (P < 0.0001) rise in blood glucose level. In light and dark chamber test, STZ (300 mg/kg) causes significant (P < 0.0001) change by showing their preference in the dark compartment and increase in the number of entries in the dark compartment as compared to the normal group which is the indicator of spatial memory loss. In the T-maze test STZ treated groups (300 mg/kg and above) have shown a significant (P < 0.0001) (decrease in time spent in the favorable zone and transfer latency to enter into the favorable zone which indicates the cognitive decline in the zebrafish with a significant (P < 0.0001) rise in blood glucose level. Moreover, STZ (300 mg/kg) causes significant (P < 0.0001) enhancement in brain lipid peroxidation and AChEs activity. In this study, we have observed that STZ at the dose of 300 mg/kg is sufficient in producing memory impairment in adult zebrafish.</Abstract> <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage> <Keywords>Cognitive impairment, streptozotocin, zebrafish, T-maze, acetylcholinestrase activity, oxidative stress, light and dark test</Keywords> <URLs> <Abstract>https://isfcppharmaspire.com/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=13772&title=Pharmacological development of the animal model of streptozotocin-induced memory dysfunction in adult Zebrafish</Abstract> </URLs> <References> <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle> <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage> <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage> <References>Iemolo F, Duro G, Rizzo C, Castiglia L, Hachinski V, Caruso C. Pathophysiology of vascular dementia. Immunity Ageing 2009;6:13. Sharma B, Singh N. Behavioral and biochemical investigations to explore pharmacological potential of PPAR-gamma agonists in vascular dementia of diabetic rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011a;100:320-9. Marshall RS. Effects of altered cerebral hemodynamics on cognitive function. J Alzheimers Dis 2012;32:633-42. Gudala K, Bansal D, Schifano F, Bhansali A. Diabetes mellitus and risk of dementia: A meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. J Diabetes Investig 2013;4:640-50. Bornstein NM, Brainin M, Guekht A, Skoog I, Korczyn AD. Diabetes and the brain: Issues and unmet needs. Neurol Sci 2014;35:995-1001. Sharma B, Singh N. Attenuation of vascular dementia by sodium butyrate in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Psychopharmacology 2011b;215:677-87. Moretti R, Caruso P, Dal Ben M, Conti C, Gazzin S, Tiribelli C. Vitamin D, homocysteine, and folate in subcortical vascular dementia and Alzheimer dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2017;9:169. Singh G, Sharma B, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Efficacy of bosentan, a dual ETA and ETB endothelin receptor antagonist, in experimental diabetes induced vascular endothelial dysfunction and associated dementia in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014;124:27-35. Alestrand;ouml;m P, Holter JL, Nourizadeh-Lillabadi R. Zebrafish in functional genomics and aquatic biomedicine. Trends Biotechnol 2006;24:15-21. Versari D, Daghini E, Virdis A, Ghiadoni L, Taddei S. Endothelial dysfunction as a target for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Care 2009;32:S314-21. Panula P, Chen YC, Priyadarshini M, Kudo H, Semenova S, Sundvik M, et al. The comparative neuroanatomy and neurochemistry of zebrafish CNS systems of relevance to human neuropsychiatric diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2010;40:46-57. Willemsen R, Van’t Padje S, Van Swieten JC, Oostra BA. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism for dementia. In: Animal Models of Dementia. Berlin: Springer; 2011. p. 255-69. Best JD, Alderton WK. Zebrafish: An in vivo model for the study of neurological diseases. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treatment 2008;4:567. Benchoula K, Khatib A, Quzwain F, Che Mohamad CA, Wan Sulaiman WM, Abdul Wahab R, et al. Optimization of hyperglycemic induction in zebrafish and evaluation of its blood glucose level and metabolite fingerprint treated with Psychotria malayana jack leaf extract. Molecules 2019;24:1506. Stewart A, Cachat JM, Suciu C, Hart PC, Gaikwad S, Utterback E, et al. Intraperitoneal injection as a method of psychotropic drug delivery in adult zebrafish. In: Zebrafish Neurobehavioral Protocols. Berlin: Springer; 2011. p. 169-79. Zang L, Shimada Y, Nishimura Y, Tanaka T, Nishimura N. Repeated blood collection for blood tests in adult zebrafish. JVis Exp 2015;102:e53272. Colwill RM, Raymond MP, Ferreira L, Escudero H. Visual discrimination learning in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Behav Proc 2005;70:19-31. Kim YH, Lee KS, Park AR, Min TJ. Adding preferred color to a conventional reward method improves the memory of zebrafish in the T-maze behavior model. Anim Cells Syst 2017;21:374-81. Kundap UP, Kumari Y, Othman I, Shaikh M. Zebrafish as a model for epilepsyinduced cognitive dysfunction: A pharmacological, biochemical and behavioral approach. Front Pharmacol 2017;8:515. Dubey S, Ganeshpurkar A, Bansal D, Dubey N. Protective effect of rutin on impairment of cognitive functions of due to antiepileptic drugs on zebrafish model. Indian J Pharmacol 2015;47:86. Gupta T, Mullins MC. Dissection of organs from the adult zebrafish. JVis Exp 2010;37:e1717. Wills E. Mechanisms of lipid peroxide formation in animal tissues. Biochem J 1966;99:667-76. Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres V Jr., Featherstone RM. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol 1961;7:88-95. Itzhaki RF, Gill DM. A micro-biuret method for estimating proteins. Anal Biochem 1964;9:401-10. Capiotti KM, De Moraes DA, Menezes FP, Kist LW, Bogo MR, Da Silva RS. Hyperglycemia induces memory impairment linked to increased acetylcholinesterase activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Behav Brain Res 2014a;274:319-25. Cox DJ, Kovatchev BP, Gonder-Frederick LA, Summers KH, McCall A, Grimm KJ, et al. Relationships between hyperglycemia and cognitive performance among adults with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005;28:71-7. Exalto LG, Whitmer RA, Kappele LJ, Biessels GJ. An update on Type 2 diabetes, vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Exp Gerontol 2012;47:858-64. Kanaya AM, Barrett-Connor E, Gildengorin G, Yaffe K. Change in cognitive function by glucose tolerance status in older adults: A 4-year prospective study of the Rancho Bernardo study cohort. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1327-33. Capiotti KM, Junior RA, Kist LW, Bogo MR, Bonan CD, Da Silva RS. Persistent impaired glucose metabolism in a zebrafish hyperglycemia model. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014b;171:58-65. Yaffe K, Falvey C, Hamilton N, Schwartz AV, Simonsick EM, Satterfield S, et al. Diabetes, glucose control, and 9-year cognitive decline among older adults without dementia. Arch Neurol 2012;69:1170-5. Biessels GJ, Kamal A, Ramakers GM, Urban IJ, Spruijt BM, Erkelens DW, et al. Place learning and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes 1996;45:1259-66. Deutsch JA. The cholinergic synapse and the site of memory. In: The Chemistry of Mood, Motivation, and Memory. Berlin: Springer; 1972. p. 187-205. Hasselmo ME. The role of acetylcholine in learning and memory. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2006;16:710-5. Das A, Dikshit M, Nath C. Profile of acetylcholinesterase in brain areas of male and female rats of adult and old age. Life Sci 2001;68:1545-55. Schmatz R, Mazzanti CM, Spanevello R, Stefanello N, Gutierres J, Corrand;ecirc;a M, et al. Resveratrol prevents memory deficits and the increase in acetylcholinesterase activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2009;610:42-8.</References> </References> </Journal> </Article> </ArticleSet>