PHARMASPIRE - Volume 15, Issue 03, 2023 , July- September

Pages: 189-196

Date of Publication: 11-Dec-2023

Print Article   Download XML  Download PDF

Medical oxygen: Sources and regulatory guidelines

Author: Sethi Nikhil, Nitin Sharma

Category: Regulatory Affairs

Abstract:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) revealed that it shares traits with the coronavirus family and belongs to the Coronaviridae family. SARS-CoV-2 and the bat coronavirus variant BatCov RaTG13 share 95 ± 1% of their genetic makeup, which is the closest similarity as well as the SARSCoV sequence and these genome sequences, are 79 ± 1 identical. India is the second-most populous country in the world battled for the optimal use of medical infrastructures alongside several other nations fought for their daily needs. Life or death for the patient depends on the prompt provision of medicinal oxygen. During all these COVID times, need for oxygen increases day by day and the production of oxygen boosts up to 9400 metric tons per day. This review article focuses on the different sources of oxygen being used currently. Furthermore, the regulatory framework of compressed medical gases especially oxygen are also discussed with the objective to understand the regulatory requirements.

Keywords: Coronavirus disease 19, Medical oxygen, Regulatory guidelines, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

DOI: 10.56933/Pharmaspire.2023.15130

DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.56933/Pharmaspire.2023.15130

References:

1. Fong SJ, Dey N, Chaki J. An introduction to COVID-19. In: Artificial Intelligence for Coronavirus Outbreak. Berlin: Springer; 2020. p. 1-22.

2. WHO Coronavirus Dashboard. Available from: https:// www.covid19.who.int [Last accessed on 2022 Oct 28].

3. Wang MY, Zhao R, Gao LJ, Gao XF, Wang DP, Cao JM. SARS-CoV-2: Structure, biology, and structure-based therapeutics development. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020;10:587269.

4. Bikkina S, Kittu Manda V, Adinarayana Rao UV. Medical oxygen supply during COVID-19: A study with specific reference to state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Mater Today Proc 2021;?1-6.

5. Oxygen Sources and Distribution for COVID-19 Treatment Centres Interim Guidance; 2020. Available from: https://who/2019-ncov/oxygen_sources/2020.1 [Last accessed on 2022 Oct 16].

6. Sharma N, Kulkarni GT, Bhatt AN, Satija S, Singh L, Sharma A, et al. Therapeutic options for the SARSCoV-2 virus: Is there a key in herbal medicine? Nat Prod Commun 2022;17:?1934578X221126303.

7. WHO-UNICEF Technical Specifications and Guidance for Oxygen Therapy Devices; WHO Medical Device Technical Series; Geneva: World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF); 2019.

8. Ismail J, Bansal A. Medical oxygen: A lifesaving drug during the COVID-19 pandemic--source and distribution. Indian J Pediatr 2022;89:607-15.

9. Carl Wilhelm Scheele. Biography, Discoveries, and Facts. Britannica. Available from: https://www.britannica.com/ biography/carl-wilhelm-scheele [Last accessed on 2022 Oct 12].

10. Liquid Oxygen Plant (Universal Boschi). Available from: https://www.universalboschi.com/liquid-oxygen-plant. php

11. Jha M, Gaur N. Life cycle of medical oxygen from production to consumption. J Family Med Prim Care 2022;11:1231-6.

12. Cryogenic Distillation of Air - Chemical Engineering World. Available from: https://www. chemicalengineeringworld.com/cryogenic-distillationof-air [Last accessed on 2022 Nov 11].

13. Cryogenic Process of Air Separation (Ispatguru). Available from: https://www.ispatguru.com/cryogenicprocess-of-air-separation [Last accessed on 2022 Sep 28].

14. Oxygen Generation by Vaccum Pressure Swing Adsorption. Available from: https://www.lindeengineering.com/en/ images/Oxygen%20generation.%20By%20Vacuum%20 Pressure%20Swing%20Adsorption._tcm19-416454.pdf [Last accessed on 2022 Oct 20].

15. Guidelines for Oxygen Cylinders (Storage of Oxygen Cylinder). Available from: https://www.slsgb.org.uk/ wp-content/uploads/2015/06/SLSGB-new-oxygenguidelines-2015.pdf [Last accessed on 2022 Nov 07].

16. Brinkerhoff S. Oxygen therapy in the home: Safety precautions and implications for home healthcare clinicians. Home Healthc Nurse 2009;27:417-20.

17. FDA Compliance Program Guidance Manual Program. Available from: https://www.nda.nebraska.gov/animal/ feed/7371004.pdf [Last accessed on 2022 Oct 24]