PHARMASPIRE - Volume 12, Issue 2, April - June, 2020
Pages: 44-49
Date of Publication: 14-Jun-2022
Print Article
Download XML Download PDF
Exploring phytochemicals as novel immunomodulators
Author: Mandeep Kaur, Jayshree Mahanty, Sudhir Kumar, Alok Sharma
Category: Pharmaceutics
Abstract:
Although synthetic and biological immunodrugs acting on single or, multiple targets have been used to treat immunity-related disorders and ailments, therapy is somehow irrational while treating the infection and presently most of immunostimulants and immunosuppressants in clinical use possess adverse side effects. There is a strong urge to use herbal medicines and natural products as multi-component agents in existing immunotherapy with a view to modulate the complex immune system in treating infection. Therapeutic efficacy of plant extracts has been suggested due to their wide array of immunomodulatory effects and influences on the immune system of the human body. Phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, lactones, diterpenoids, and glycosides have been reported to be responsible for the immunomodulating properties of medicinal plants. Thus, the search for natural products of plant origin as new leads for the development of potent and safe immunosuppressant and immunostimulant agents is gaining attention in today’s research and need. The present review will give an overview of secondary metabolites (alkaloids, polysaccharides, phenolics, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, and sterols) derived from natural origin exhibiting potent effects on cellular and humoral immune functions in preclinical investigations along with their clinical potential.
Keywords: Immunomodulators, phytochemicals, secondary metabolites, immunodrugs, medicinal plants
References:
1. Manu KA, Kuttan G. Immunomodulatory activities of punarnavine, an alkaloid from Boerhaavia diffusa. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2009;31:377-87.
2. Patil US, Jaydeokar AV, Bandawane DD. Immunomodulators: A pharmacological review. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2012;4:30-6.
3. Vinothapooshan G, Sundar K. Immunomodulatory activity of various extracts of Adhatoda vasica Linn. in experimental rats. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 2011;5:306-10.
4. Gabhe S, Tatke P, Khan T. Evaluation of the immunomodulatory activity of the methanol extract of Ficus benghalensis roots in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2006;38:271-5.
5. More P, Pai K. Immunomodulatory effects of Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) on macrophage activation. Biol Med 2011;3:134-40.
6. Chandu AN, Kumar CS, Bhattacharjee C. Studies on immunomodulatory activity of Aloe vera (Linn). Int J Appl Biol Pharm Technol 2011;2:19-22.
7. Lu Y, Fan J, Zhao Y, Chen S, Zheng X, Yin Y, et al. Immunomodulatory activity of aqueous extract of Actinidia macrosperma. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2007;16:261-5.
8. Barbosa A de P. Anti-inflammatory properties and immunoadjuvant activitiy of Samanea saman extract. Emirates J Food Agric 2014;26:818-21.
9. Cherng JM, Chiang W, Chiang L. Immunomodulatory activities of common vegetables and spices of umbelliferae and its related coumarins and flavonoids. Food Chem 2008;106:944-50.
10. Chakraborty SB, Hancz C. Application of phytochemicals as immunostimulant, antipathogenic and antistress agents in finfish culture. Rev Aquac 2011;3:103-19.
11. Ghule BV, Murugananthan G, Nakhat PD, Yeole PG. Immunostimulant effects of Capparis zeylanica Linn. leaves. J Ethnopharmacol 2006;108:311-5.
12. Gu C, Yang M, Zhou Z, Khan A, Cao J, Cheng G. Purification and characterization of four benzophenone derivatives from Mangifera indica L. leaves and their antioxidant, immunosuppressive and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. J Funct Foods 2019;52:709-14.
13. Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Phytochemicals inhibit the immunosuppressive functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC): Impact on cancer and age-related chronic inflammatory disorders. Int Immunopharmacol 2018;61:231-40.
14. Jantan I, Ahmad W, Bukhari SN. Plant-derived immunomodulators: An insight on their preclinical evaluation and clinical trials. Front Plant Sci 2015;6:1-18.
15. Seyed MA. A comprehensive review on Phyllanthus derived natural products as potential chemotherapeutic and immunomodulators for a wide range of human diseases. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 2019;17:529-37.
16. Harun NH, Septama AW, Wan Ahmad WA, Suppian R. The potential of Centella asiatica (Linn.) urban as an anti-microbial and immunomodulator agent: A review. Nat Prod Sci 2019;25:92-102. 1
7. Carqueijeiro I, Langley C, Grzech D, Koudounas K, Papon N, O’Connor SE, et al. Beyond the semi-synthetic artemisinin: Metabolic engineering of plantderived anti-cancer drugs. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020;65:17-24.
18. Nair A, Chattopadhyay D, Saha B. Plant-derived immunomodulators. In: New Look to Phytomedicine: Advancements in Herbal Products as Novel Drug Leads. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Inc.; 2018. p. 435-99.
19. Manu KA, Kuttan G. Anti-metastatic potential of punarnavine, an alkaloid from Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. Immunobiology 2009;214:245-55.
20. Lee YC, Kim SH. Effects of piperis Longi fructus on regulatory T cells number, IgE, histamine production in asthma model mice and Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in vitro. Korea J Herbol 2009;24:79-88.
21. Tzianabos AO. Polysaccharide immunomodulators as therapeutic agents: Structural aspects and biologic function. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000;13:523-33.
22. Abotaleb M, Samuel SM, Varghese E, Varghese S, Kubatka P, Liskova A, et al. Flavonoids in cancer and apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2019;11:28.
23. Vaidya HB, Ahmed AA, Goyal RK, Cheema SK. Glycogen phosphorylase-a is a common target for anti-diabetic effect of iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2013;16:530-40.
24. Ammon HP. Boswellic acids in chronic inflammatory diseases. Plant Med 2006;72:1100-16.
25. Houston DM, Robins B, Bugert JJ, Denyer SP, Heard CM. In vitro permeation and biological activity of punicalagin and zinc (II) across skin and mucous membranes prone to herpes simplex virus infection. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017;96:99-106.
26. Dai JH, Iwatani Y, Ishida T, Terunuma H, Kasai H, Iwakula Y, et al. Glycyrrhizin enhances interleukin-12 production in peritoneal macrophages. Immunology 2001;103:235-43.
27. Ballard E, Coote PJ. Enhancement of antibiotic efficacy against multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections via combination with curcumin and 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine. J Antimicrob Agents 2016;2:1-6.
28. Pragasam SJ, Venkatesan V, Rasool M. Immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory effect of p-coumaric acid, a common dietary polyphenol on experimental inflammation in rats. Inflammation 2013;36:169-76.
29. Raj VB, Kumar KL, Kumar SS. Traditional Indian medicinal plants as a potential anti inflammatory phytomedicine for psoriasis control. J Pharm Phytochem 2015;4:118-22.
30. González D, Carvalho M, Cantillo J, Aixalá M, Farré M. Potential use of ayahuasca in grief therapy. OMEGA J Death Dying 2019;79:260-85.
31. Neag MA, Mocan A, Echeverría J, Pop RM, Bocsan CI, Cri G. Berberine: Botanical occurrence, traditional uses, extraction methods, and relevance in cardiovascular, metabolic, hepatic, and renal disorders. Front Pharmacol 2018;9:557.
32. Kim S, Lee Y. Piperine inhibits eosinophil infiltration and airway hyperresponsiveness by suppressing T cell activity and Th2 cytokine production in the ovalbumin-induced asthma model. J Pharm Pharmacol 2009;61:353-9.
33. Bjurstöm H, Wang JY, Ericsson I, Bengtsson M, Liu Y, Kumar-Mendu S, et al. GABA, a natural immunomodulator of T lymphocytes. J Neuroimmunol 2008;205:44-50.
34. Yuan X, Dou Y, Wu X, Wei Z. Tetrandrine, an agonist of aryl hydrocarbon receptor, reciprocally modulates the activities of STAT3 and STAT5 to suppress Th17 cell differentiation. J Cell Mol Med 2017;21:2172-83.
35. Mark W, Candinas D. The alkaloid sinomenine in rat transplant models: And yet it does move. Transpl Int 2001;14:124.
36. Sethiya NK, Nahata A, Singh PK, Mishra SH. Neuropharmacological evaluation on four traditional herbs used as nervine tonic and commonly available as Shankhpushpi in India. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2019;10:25-31.
37. Park HJ, Gholam-Zadeh M, Suh JH, Choi HS. Lycorine attenuates autophagy in osteoclasts via an axis of mROS/TRPML1/TFEB to reduce LPS-induced bone loss. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019;2019:8982147.
38. Hussein AA, Al-Ezzy RM, Abdallah MT. Biochemical, enzymatic, and immunological study on antimutagenic Achillea millefolium methanolic extract in vivo. J Pharm Pharmacol 2019;7:69-74.
39. Jang MH, Piao XL, Kim JM, Kwon SW, Park JH. Inhibition of cholinesterase and amyloid and aggregation by resveratrol oligomers from Vitis amurensis. Phyther Res 2008;22:544-9.
40. Kanjwani DG, Marathe TP, Chiplunkar SV, Sathaye SS. Evaluation of immunomodulatory activity of methanolic extract of Piper betle. Scand J Immunol 2008;67:589-93.
41. Selles AJ, Daglia M, Rastrelli L. The potential role of mangiferin in cancer treatment through its immunomodulatory, anti-angiogenic, apoptopic, and gene regulatory effects. BioFactors 2016;42:475-91.
42. Dobrange E, Peshev D, Loedolff B, Van Den Ende W. Fructans as immunomodulatory and antiviral agents: The case of Echinacea. Biomolecules 2019;9:1-12.
43. Nan ZD, Zeng KW, Shi SP, Zhao MB, Jiang Y, Tu PF. Phenylethanoid glycosides with anti-inflammatory activities from the stems of Cistanche deserticola cultured in Tarim desert. Fitoterapia 2013;89:167-74.
44. Chang SL, Chiang YM, Chang CL, Yeh HH, Shyur LF, Kuo YH, et al. Flavonoids, centaurein and centaureidin, from Bidens pilosa, stimulate IFN-γ expression. J Ethnopharmacol 2007;112:232-6.
45. Eldahshan OA, Azab SS. Anti-inflammatory effect of apigenin-7- neohesperidoside (rhoifolin) in carrageenin-induced rat oedema model. J Appl Pharm Sci 2012;2:74-9.
46. Xia N, Chen G, Liu M, Ye X, Pan Y, Ge J, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of luteolin on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in mice. Exp Ther Med 2016;12:4049-54.
47. Huang KF, Ma KH, Chang YJ, Lo LC, Jhap TY, Su YH, et al. Baicalein inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 1 expression via activation of TRPV1-Ca-ERK pathway in ultraviolet B-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol 2019;28:568-75.
48. Olthof MR, Hollman PC, Buijsman MN, Van Amelsvoort JM, Katan MB. Chlorogenic acid, quercetin-3-rutinoside and black tea phenols are extensively metabolized in humans. J Nutr 2003;133:1806-14.
49. Kim GD, Lee SE, Park YS, Shin DH, Park GG, Park CS. Immunosuppressive effects of fisetin against dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in NC/Nga mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2014;66:341-9.
50. Chen W, Tang J, Bao J, Hu P, Shi Z, Wu L. International immunopharmacology anti-arthritic effects of chlorogenic acid in interleukin-1 β -induced rabbit chondrocytes and a rabbit osteoarthritis model. Int Immunopharmacol 2011;11:23-8.
51. Sinha RK, Sharma SN, Verma SS, Zha J. Effects of lovastin, fosmidomycin and methyl jasmonate on andrographolide biosynthesis in the Andrographis paniculata. Acta Physiol Plant 2018;40:165.
52. Nair V, Singh S, Gupta YK. Anti-arthritic and disease modifying activity of Terminalia chebula Retz. in experimental models. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010;62:1801-6.
53. Duggina P, Kalla CM, Varikasuvu SR, Bukke S, Tartte V. Protective effect of Centella triterpene saponins against cyclophosphamide-induced immune and hepatic system dysfunction in rats: Its possible mechanisms of action. J Physiol Biochem 2015;71:435-54.
54. Yang B, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Lu Z, Kuang H. Withanolides as potential immunosuppressive agents against. Nat Prod Commun 2017;6:10-3.
|
